Free Essays on The First President

First President George Washington George Washington was born in Westmoreland County, VA, on February 11, 1731. Washington’s family made a living by farming, land buying, trading, milling, and in the iron industry. George had ten brothers and sisters, four of which were his half siblings. George’s mother, Mary Ball, was Augustine’s second wife whom he had six of the ten children with. Little is known about George’s childhood, other than that he received little formal education. At a young age he showed a great skill in mathematics and soon got into surveying land. At the young age of 16 George secured a commission as surveyor of Culpepper County. In 1752, at the age of 21, George inherited Mt. Vernon from his brother Lawrence. In the early 1750’s both Britain and France wanted to occupy the upper Ohio valley area. The governor of Virginia, Robert Dinwiddie, sent Washington with an expeditionary force to guard an intended British fort at the forks of the Ohio River. While enroute Washington learned that the French had taken the fort, so George advanced to within 50 miles of the now French fort and erected Fort Necessity. On May 28, 1754 Washington ambushed a small French detachment, they killed ten men to include the commander, Joseph Coulon de Villiers. This incident started the French and Indian War. The French claimed that the detachment was on a peaceful mission, Washington thought it was spying. Washington returned to Fort Necessity, which a large French force attacked on 3 July. Washington and his men were only able to hold Page 2 out for one ... Free Essays on The First President Free Essays on The First President First President George Washington George Washington was born in Westmoreland County, VA, on February 11, 1731. Washington’s family made a living by farming, land buying, trading, milling, and in the iron industry. George had ten brothers and sisters, four of which were his half siblings. George’s mother, Mary Ball, was Augustine’s second wife whom he had six of the ten children with. Little is known about George’s childhood, other than that he received little formal education. At a young age he showed a great skill in mathematics and soon got into surveying land. At the young age of 16 George secured a commission as surveyor of Culpepper County. In 1752, at the age of 21, George inherited Mt. Vernon from his brother Lawrence. In the early 1750’s both Britain and France wanted to occupy the upper Ohio valley area. The governor of Virginia, Robert Dinwiddie, sent Washington with an expeditionary force to guard an intended British fort at the forks of the Ohio River. While enroute Washington learned that the French had taken the fort, so George advanced to within 50 miles of the now French fort and erected Fort Necessity. On May 28, 1754 Washington ambushed a small French detachment, they killed ten men to include the commander, Joseph Coulon de Villiers. This incident started the French and Indian War. The French claimed that the detachment was on a peaceful mission, Washington thought it was spying. Washington returned to Fort Necessity, which a large French force attacked on 3 July. Washington and his men were only able to hold Page 2 out for one ...

Definition and Examples of Gas in Chemistry

Definition and Examples of Gas in Chemistry A gas is defined as a state of matter consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape. It is one of the four fundamental states of matter, along with solids, liquids, and plasma. Under ordinary conditions, the gas state is between the liquid and plasma states. A gas may consist of atoms of one element (e.g., H2, Ar) or of compounds (e.g., HCl, CO2) or mixtures (e.g., air, natural gas). Examples of Gases Whether or not a substance is a gas depends on its temperature and pressure. Examples of gases at standard temperature and pressure include: air (a mixture of gases)chlorine at room temperature and pressureozoneoxygenhydrogenwater vapor or steam List of the Elemental Gases There are 11 elemental gases (12 if you count ozone). Five are homonuclear molecules, while six are monatomic: H2 - hydrogenN2 - nitrogenO2 - oxygen (plus O3 is ozone)F2 - fluorineCl2 - chlorineHe - heliumNe - neonAr - argonKr - kryptonXe - xenonRn - radon Except for hydrogen, which is at the top left side of the periodic table, elemental gases are on the right side of the table. Properties of Gases Particles in a gas are widely separated from each other. At low temperature and ordinary pressure, they resemble an ideal gas in which the interaction between the particles is negligible and collisions between them are completely elastic. At higher pressures, intermolecular bonds between gas particles have a greater effect on the properties. Because of the space between atoms or molecules, most gases are transparent. A few are faintly colored, such as chlorine and fluorine. Gases tend not to react as much as other states of matter to electric and gravitational fields. Compared with liquids and solids, gases have low viscosity and low density. Origin of the Word Gas The word gas was coined by 17th-century Flemish chemist J.B. van Helmont. There are two theories about the origin of the word. One is that it is Helmonts phonetic transcription of the Greek word Chaos, with the g in Dutch pronounced like the ch in chaos. Paracelsuss alchemical use of chaos referred to rarified water. The other theory is that van Helmont took the word from geist or gahst, which means spirit or ghost. Gas vs Plasma A gas may contain electrically charged atoms or molecules called ions. In fact, its common for regions of a gas to contain random, transient charged regions because of van der Waals forces. Ions of like charge repel each other, while ions of opposite charge attract each other. If the fluid consists entirely of charged particles or if the particles are permanently charged, the state of matter is a plasma rather than a gas.

The Re-emergence of Internatiol War- Was Mueller Overly Optimistic in Essay

The Re-emergence of Internatiol War- Was Mueller Overly Optimistic in the End of War Debate - Essay Example He considers that there was strong emotional opposition to war when the First World War was fought, and that by the time of the Second World War, this sentiment was so strongly advanced that war became obsolete1.Mueller’s arguments follow two perspectives. The first is the recognition that war has become much less popular, and the second is an explanation for this pattern. Both of these viewpoints are important, and it is only by examining both of these can the relevance of Mueller’s perspectives to the current world situation be understood. The term war is a word that has many uses and is defined differently depending on the situation that is occurring, and the desires of the people describing what is occurring. Understanding these distinctions is important in examining Muller’s arguments, as he uses a specific definition of war and argues his points on this basis. As an expression, war is often used to refer to any strife or conflict, whether within a state or between different states. This period of conflict may not be longstanding, and the use of the word war may be used to escalate the perception of the events. The term war is also used as a way of describing a particular campaign. For example, two well known ‘wars’ that the United States has created are the ‘war on terrorism’ and the ‘war on drugs’, phrases that have become well known since their instigation. However, the term is most relevant when used to describe a serious, extended armed conflict that occurs within a state (civil war) or between states (international war)2. One useful definition is that war is â€Å"sustained coordinated violence between political organisations†3 Muller’s argument is focused on war occurring between international bodies and he argues that major war between important states has not occurred since the Second World War, and that this long, unusual, period of peace is due to a change in the perceptio n of war. The hypothesis that major war has become obsolete does not state that war never occurs, rather that it has moved from being a viable option, to something that is only considered under extreme circumstances, meaning while it may still happen, it is rare4. There is a significant amount of evidence supporting this proposition. Since the end of the 1980s the overall level of large-scale violence has decreased worldwide, both in terms of the amount of conflicts and the number of deaths. Furthermore, within the same time period, even the prevalence of non-state conflict has decreased5. Mueller’s argument considers that peace has come as the result in of a change in perceptions, with war becoming aberrant or not considered in the same way that two men having an argument do not consider duelling one another, and how slavery is no longer considered a legitimate option6. However, war is generally not caused, or prevented by a single factor; instead there are many different re levant factors that can interact with one another7. One perspective on why international war has decreased in prevalence is that in the current era, there are many less rivalries between great powers, and therefore, the likelihood of a large scale international war is significantly decreased8. Simply put, the major states do not have as much to argue about as they once did. This is also influenced by the fact that the international

Identify and discuss the major challenges that Costa Coffee will face Essay

Identify and discuss the major challenges that Costa Coffee will face in its operations in the French market and propose suitable recommendations for overcoming or mitigating the identified challenges - Essay Example In spite of the success observed in the Costa Coffee sales in France, there are several challenges that the Costa Coffee will face inevitably. These challenges mainly involve the economic difficulties. The prime business challenges faced by the Costa Coffee as a whole are directly in relation with the economic recession from 2008. This is because the customers have been observed to become more cautious with their discretionary spending due to the high personal debt as well as unemployment. Further, social as well as cultural challenges might also be faced by the Costa Coffee. The cafe will have to not only sell Coffee but also maintain the ambience and surroundings of the cafe. This is because people not only come to drink coffee but also come to calm down and have a relaxed experience. The better the ambience, the more people will spend on coffee. Another difficulty that the Costa coffee might face is the fact that people are much more aware environmentally in the recent era. The so urce from which the coffee beans are produced as well as the way they design their supply chain as well as prepare and sell their product is of great concern by the French customers. Furthermore, the Costa Coffee is faced by great competition from other leading coffee shops within France. These include firstly star bucks as well as coffee republic and many others. This competition tends to steal the coffee customers that are vital for the increase of sales for the Costa Coffee. Further, the Costa Coffee in France would also face problems in association with the intense price competition. Due to the high prices in Costa Coffee, it is seen to target only the upper middle class and the privileged class. Also, any alteration in the development of information technology resulting in a change in the markets would definitely pose a threat to the Costa Coffee in France. The major problems faced by the Costa Coffee can be dealt by focusing on attracting more customers. This can be done by

The role of the health and social care worker Essay Example for Free

The role of the health and social care worker Essay A working relationship is different from a personal relationship because a working relationship is more professional; there are boundaries, specific objectives and purposes. There are professional codes of conduct, employer policies and procedures also there are time limits and being in some cases cone way relationship. The three collages for whom I work with and there job roles are activity staff, care staff and music therapy staff. I communicate with these collages and work together to establish and maintain the trust and confidence of service users and care staff. I also have a good communicating relationship with these. Giving the policies; and procedures and communicating in partnership. It is important to work in partnership together in the health care to achieve the best outcomes for the individuals and its also important because collages have all different working skills, knowledge and rolls, Partnership also to share discussions and making information relation in common concern. Task B Reflective account I was with a collage in work with a member of care staff. I was going to hoist and transfer a service user, using a hoist. My collage wanted to go on break, and had an idea that would be quicker than using a hoist and using the correct method appropriately and safely. My collage wanted to lift the service user up from there wheelchair and transfer them onto a bed, but I was totally against this. I did not consider, to use this type of method of transfer, as I felt that I would injure, myself, the service user and my collage. And risk the possibility of loosing my job and loosing someone’s life. This incident involved conflict between my working collage because I did not want to go through with it, and work in an unsafe manner. I went to my line manager and said about this situation. I had to report this by filling in an incident form. I did not get the support at the right time, as my manger was not present. I think that I dealt with this incident effective and professionally and maintain a good level of care to the service user. I could have responded differently by not being professional and keeping my working relationship, but I had to because this was a work related incident.

The Physics of Light Propulsion :: Physics Science Technology Essays

The Physics of Light Propulsion Imagine a mode of transportation which allows a craft to ride upon a beam of light. This craft uses virtually no fuel, simply the air around us. The uses for such a craft would be endless, launching small satellites into orbit and in the future launching vessels much like today’s shuttles. This idea is no longer a product of science fiction but rather a reality. It is all made possible by the physics which controls everything in our everyday lives. There are two main components to this light propelled craft. The light source is a precision high-powered laser beam. The craft is a large, highly polished parabolic mirror that is designed to capture the laser beam. With the laser in a fixed position on the ground the mirror focuses the beam, rapidly heating the air, creating a wave of heated air out the back. This forces the vehicle in the opposite direction. As the beam is rapidly pulsed, the vehicle is continuously propelled forward. The laser pointer which many people now carry around on key chains was not thought as such a trivial toy or gadget ten years ago. The laser technology itself is a very complicated endeavor. The simple circuitry has evolved from years of work to make the theory behind the amplification of light possible. Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation or LASER, is best understood by beginning at the atomic level where the basis of an atom and its energy levels can be identified. In even the most basic chemistry class the atomic structure is one of the first lessons which is taught. The circular shells of an atom are placed around the nucleus with the electrons placed on these levels. Two in the first layer, eight in the next continuing on to the appropriate number. These shells are formed because electrons are limited to a series of fixed values, this is an example of quantization1. The law of conservation of energy is applied in that an electron may fall to a lower shell, but in doing this it must give up an amount of energy equal to the difference between the two levels. This energy is given up as light. Light is also considered to be quantized. It can be represented as groups of photons. Each photon carries one quantum of light energy. The amount of energy in a quantum depends on the wavelength of the light or the frequency.

Marketing intelligence: Final Exam Essay

1) Which of the following is NOT a step that might be used to improve the quality of a firm’s marketing intelligence? A. Watching how the stock market reacts to interest rate changes B. Motivating distributors to pass along important intelligence from the marketplace. C. Collecting competitive intelligence by buying a competitor’s products D. Setting up a consumer panel 2) When Molly’s parents retired, they decided they wanted to travel. They found an ideal job that allows them to travel for free, but the only catch is they have to stay at Holiday Inns. During each stay, they test all the amenities offered by the motel and evaluate each. The evaluation forms are sent to the motel headquarters where it becomes part of the motel’s __________ systems. A. Accountability information system (AIS) B. Marketing intelligence C. Experiential research data D. Marketing research 3) Typically, companies budget about 11-12 percent of company sales for marketing research. A. True B. Fasle 4) Which of the following is NOT a component part of total customer value? A. Psychic value B. Image value C. Product value D. Services value 5) Lee is constantly begging his mother to buy him an iPod because the most popular kids at his school all have one. His mother contends that he’ll just break it or lose the music player if she buys it for him. For Lee, the most popular kids in his school are examples of a _______________. A. Social class B. Demographic group C. Subculture D. Reference group 6) A(n) ________________ is likely to offer informal advice and information about a product or product category. A. Opinion leader B. Diversity marketing program C. Primary reference group D. Aspirational reference group 7) Which factors have the broadest and deepest influence on consumer behavior? A. Cultural B. Psychological C. Personal D. Social 8) Painting and consulting are considered industrial goods because ______________. A. Most firms do not seek them directly B. They are specialty goods C. They facilitate developing and managing the finished product D. They are considered â€Å"component materials† 9) When SAP software added a Windows-style â€Å"back† button to its industrial invoice management software, the new product ___________. A. Improved upon an existing product B. Used a new product line C. Used a marketing diversification strategy D. Added to an existing product line 10) Ayal and Zif argue that going into fewer countries is advisable when ___________. A. Population is low, and income size and growth are high in the initial countries chosen. B. Population and income size are high, and population growth is low in the initial countries chosen. C. Population, income size, and growth are high in the initial countries chosen. D. Population, income size and growth are low in the initial countries chosen. 11) Which is the last major decision in international marketing? A. Deciding on the marketing program B. Deciding which markets to enter C. Deciding how to enter the market D. Deciding on the marketing organization 12) Which of the following is NOT a step that might be used to improve the quality of a firm’s marketing intelligence? A. Watching how the stock market reacts to interest rate changes B. Motivating distributors to pass along  important intelligence from the marketplace. C. Collecting competitive intelligence by buying a competitor’s products D. Setting up a consumer panel 13) Which is correct about â€Å"noise† in the communication process? A. It mostly happens during the decoding stage B. It interferes with intended communication C. It is controllable D. It has only one source 14) Marketing __________ is the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value. A. segmentation B. integration C. internally D. management 15) Public policy makers have developed a substantial body of laws and regulations to govern advertising. For these reasons, an important step in developing anadvertising campaign is _____________. A. The social responsibility review B. Asking network censors what to cut out of the communication C. Preparing a copy strategy statement D. The creative development of the message 16) Which of the following is an example of primary data that would be used by Topps card company to determine popularity of its new hologram baseball card series? A. Sales records for baseball cards gathered by the industry’s trade council. B. An article about the hologram cards in a recent issue of Sports Illustrated C. Data from sales records kept by exclusive dealers of Topp’s hologram series D. Input from focus groups that was put together specifically to discuss their perception of popularity of the hologram card series 17) A marketing information system (MIS) consists of ___________. A. An organized collection of comprehensive data about individual customers, prospects, or suspects that is currently accessible for marketing purposes. B. The systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific marketing situation. C. The people,  equipment, and procedures to gather, sort, analyze, evaluate, and distribute needed, timely, and accurate information to marketing decision makers. D. A set of procedures and sources used by managers to obtain everyday information and relevant developments in the marketing environment. 18) The step in the marketing research process thatincludes determining who will be sampled is to _______________. A. Collect the information B. Develop the research plan C. Define the problem and research objectives D. Make the decision based on the project outcomes 19) All of the following are steps in the marketing research process EXCEPT: A. Compare data to government sources B. Collect the information C. Define the problem and research objectives D. Present the findings 20) The ____________ consists of all the organizations that acquire goods and services used in the production of other products or services that are sold, rented, or supplied to other customers. A. Consumer market B. Institutional market C. Government market D. Business market 21) Toyota, the maker of the Scion brand, using what kind of brand strategy with Scion products? A. Individual names B. Blanket family names C. Corporate names D. Separate family names 22) When SAP software added a Windows-style â€Å"back† button to its industrial invoice management software, the new product ___________. A. Improved upon an existing product B. Used a marketing diversification strategy C. Added to an existing product line D. Used a new product line 23) When customers buy on the basis of a reference price or because the price conveys a particular quality image to them, they are being influenced by ____________. A. The going rates of competitors B. Value augmented by perception C. The psychology of pricing D. Value pricing 24) A __________ pricing objective is suitable for a company that has overcapacity, intense competition, and changing customer needs. A. Maximum current revenue B. Maximum sales growth C. Survival D. Maximum current profit 25) A concept in retailing that helps explain the emergence of new retailers is called the ___________ hypothesis. A. Service-assortment B. Product life-cycle C. Retail life cycle D. Wheel-of-retailing 26) Which of the following would NOT be considered part of a marketing communications program? A. An event sponsorship B. Personal selling C. A sales promotion D. Brand contact 27) McDonald’s franchisees get a small discount when they pay their bills for supplies within the first seven days (when the due date is 30 days after delivery). This is an example of ___________ within channel relations. A. Sharing the risks B. Territorial rights C. Price policies D. Conditions of sales 28) __________________ are the means by which firms attempt to inform, persuade, and remind customers about the products and brands they sell. A. Marketing communications B. Sales promotions C. Mass communications D. Brand images 29) Which of the following is most closely associated with a proactive marketing orientation? A. It represents the â€Å"make and sellâ€Å"philosophy. B. The marketer focuses on the customers’ latent needs. C. It is about understanding and meeting customers’ expressed needs. D. It involves delivering superior value 30) Marketing __________ is the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value. A. segmentation B. integration C. management D. internally 31) Which of the following is NOT a component part of total customer value? A.Product value B.Services value C.Psychic value D.Image value 32) About a year ago, Echo began renting her movies from Netflix. She perceived Netflix to be a better source because of the enhanced selection, the responsive customer service emails she has received in answer to her online queries, better pricing, and less effort compared to renting from the store in her town. Netflix has offered Echo better _________ than the local competition. A.Total customer cost B.Customer perceived value C.Customer delivered value D.Total customer value 33) Lowe’s home improvement stores strive to have nicer, more knowledgeable salespeople, a better product selection, and to maintain an impeccable image. These are all part of improving the offer via _____________. A.Reducing the buyer’s nonmonetary costs B.Reducing the product’s monetary costs to the buyers. C.Increasing the service value D.Increasing total customer value 34) _____________ are relatively homogeneous and enduring divisions in society, and may exhibit distinct product, brand, and media preferences. A.Subcultures B.Social classes C.Demographic groups D.Cultures 35) Lee is constantly begging his mother to buy him an iPod because the most popular kids at his school all have one. His mother contends that he’ll just break it or lose the music player if she buys it for him. For Lee, the most popular kids in his school are examples of a _______________. A.Social class B.Subculture C.Demographic group D.Reference group 36) Business buying behavior differs from consumer buying behavior in that _________. A.[Answer Text]Businesses buy products to accomplish a single goal, which varies by industry and business. B.The buyers for the business market are typically more geographically dispersed than those for the consumer market and the demand for products and services in the consumer market is unaffected by price fluctuations. C.The demand for business goods and services is derived from consumer’s final demand. D.Fewer people typically participate in or influence business buying decisions than in the consumer market. 37) The institutional market is best described as having _____________. A.Contract negotiations and fluctuating demand B.Low budgets and a captive clientele C.Derived demand, geographically concentratedsuppliers, and budgetary constraints. D.Demand elasticity and geographically concentrated suppliers 38) The ____________ consists of all the organizations that acquire goods and services used in the production of other products or services that are sold, rented, or supplied to other customers. A.Consumer market B.Business market C.Government market D.Institutional market 39) Toyota, the maker of the Scion brand, using what kind of brand strategy with Scion products? A.Individual names B.Separate family names C.Corporate names D.Blanket family names